Habitats and species of the Habitats Directive which occur in Scotland and for which Special Areas of Conservation are selected

Active raised bogs

Active raised bogs

Alkaline fens

Base-rich fens

Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion alvae)

Alder woodland on floodplains

Alpine and Boreal heaths

Alpine and subalpine heaths

Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands

Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands

Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae

High-altitude plant communities associated with areas of water seepage

Annual vegetation of drift lines

Annual vegetation of drift lines

Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (CallunoUlicetea)

Coastal dune heathland

Atlantic salt meadows (GlaucoPuccinellietalia maritimae)

Atlantic salt meadows

Blanket bogs

Blanket bog

Bog woodland

Bog woodland

Buxbaumia viridis

Green shield-moss

Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae

Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals

Calcareous and calcshist screes of the

montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)

Base-rich scree

Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Plants in crevices on base-rich rocks

Caledonian forest

Caledonian forest

Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.

Dunes with juniper thickets

Coastal lagoons

Lagoons

Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum

Lime-deficient dune heathland with crowberry

Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration

Degraded raised bog

Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion

Depressions on peat substrates

Drepanocladus (Hamatocaulis) vernicosus

Slender green feather-moss

Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)

Dunes with creeping willow

Embryonic shifting dunes

Shifting dunes

Estuaries

Estuaries

Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia

Marsh fritillary butterfly

European dry heaths

Dry heaths

Fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation

(“grey dunes”)

Dune grassland

Halichoerus grypus

Grey seal

Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.

Calcium-rich nutrient-poor lakes, lochs and pools

Humid dune slacks

Humid dune slacks

Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels

Tall herb communities

Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands

Juniper on heaths or calcareous grasslands

Lampetra fluviatilis

River lamprey

Lampetra planeri

Brook lamprey

Large shallow inlets and bays

Shallow inlets and bays

Limestone pavements

Limestone pavements

Lutra lutra

Otter

Machairs

Machair

Margaritifera margaritifera

Freshwater pearl mussel

Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

Intertidal mudflats and sandflats

Najas flexilis

Slender naiad

Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds

Acid peat-stained lakes and ponds

Natural eutrophic lakes with

Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation

Naturally nutrient-rich lakes or lochs which are often dominated by pondweed

Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix

Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath

Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles

Western acidic oak woodland

Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea

uniflorae and/or of the IsoëtoNanojuncetea

Clear-water lakes or lochs with aquatic vegetation and poor to moderate nutrient levels

Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains: Littorelletalia uniflorae

Nutrient-poor shallow waters with aquatic vegetation on sandy plains

Perennial vegetation of stony banks

Coastal shingle vegetation outside the reach of waves

Petalophyllum ralfsii

Petalwort

Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)

Hard-water springs depositing lime

Petromyzon marinus

Sea lamprey

Phoca vitulina

Common seal

Phocoena phocoena

Harbour porpoise

Reefs

Reefs

Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand

Glasswort and other annuals colonising mud and sand

Salmo salar

Atlantic salmon

Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time

Subtidal sandbanks

Saxifraga hirculus

Marsh saxifrage

Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

Dry grasslands and scrublands on chalk or limestone

Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (“white dunes”)

Shifting dunes with marram

Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands

Montane acid grasslands

Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Plants in crevices on acid rocks

Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani)

Acidic scree

Species-rich Nardus grassland, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in continental Europe)

Species-rich grassland with mat-grass in upland areas

Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub

Mountain willow scrub

Submarine structures made by leaking gases

Submarine structures made by leaking gases

Submerged or partially submerged sea caves

Sea caves

Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines

Mixed woodland on base-rich soils associated with rocky slopes

Transition mires and quaking bogs

Very wet mires often identified by an unstable `quaking` surface

Triturus cristatus

Great crested newt

Tursiops truncatus

Bottlenose dolphin

Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts

Vegetated sea cliffs

Vertigo angustior

Narrow-mouthed whorl snail

Vertigo genesii

Round-mouthed whorl snail

Vertigo geyeri

Geyer`s whorl snail

Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation

Rivers with floating vegetation often dominated by water-crowfoot